In the previous column, we saw that 「が」 works for an adhesive.
「彼女が泣くのを聞いた。」(かのじょが なくのを きいた。)
「彼女は泣くのを聞いた。」(かのじょは なくのを きいた。)
「が」 works for an adhesive and sticks words before and after 「が」.
In the above sentence, 「が」 sticks 「彼女(かのじょ)」 and 「泣く(なく)の」 together and makes a noun clause 「彼女(かのじょ)が泣く(なく)の」.
Then you’ll get its meaning: ‘I heard her cry’ or ‘I heard that she cried.’
The second sentence which 「は」 is used means that: ‘She heard someone cry’ or ‘She heard that someone cried.’
A topic is presented by using 「は」. 「彼女(かのじょ)」 is the topic and 「は」 reserved it. Then the answer is: 「泣く(なく)のを聞いた(きいた)」 ‘heard someone cry.’
Let’s see one of the other important uses of 「が」 here.
「が」 shows a fact, an event, a phenomenon, or a new discovery.
「空が青いよ。」(そらが あおい よ。)
「空は青いよ。」(そらは あおい よ。)
If you put them into English, they may be the same “The sky is blue.”
空が青いよ。(そらが あおい よ。)
When you use 「空(そら)が青い(あおい)よ。」, you find the sky looks blue, beautiful, and you’re so excited that you’d like to let them know it.
A situation may be: “Look! The sky is blue.” 「見て(みて)、空(そら)が青い(あおい)よ。」
In this sentence, you’re telling that the sky is blue as a phenomenon—an event of a natural phenomenon.
The sky may be sometimes dark, grey, or black. But now it’s blue as a phenomenon.
「が」 does NOT emphasize the word before 「が」.
Another case may be that someone asks you what is blue like a quiz. Then you answer, “The sky is blue.”
「何が青い?何か青い物を言ってみて。」
(なにが あおい?なにか あおい ものを いってみて。)
「空が青いよ。」
(そらが あおいよ。)
“What is blue? Tell me something blue.”
“The sky is blue.”
However, in 「空は青いよ。」(そらは あおいよ。), you have been asked about the condition of the sky. The sky is already in question. And then you have checked the condition of the sky and answered it to the person.
「空(そら)はどう?ちょっと見て(みて)くれる?」
「空(そら)は青い(あおい)よ。」
“How’s the sky? Can you check it?”
“The sky is blue.”
Imagine that you’re in bed in the morning and so lazy that you don’t want to get up nor check the sky yourself. Then you have asked your partner to check it.
「空(そら)は青い(あおい)よ。」 is presented as an answer to the question about the condition of the sky.
Similar examples are as follows:
「彼女が歌っている。」(かのじょが うたって いる。)
「彼女は歌っている。」(かのじょは うたって いる。)
Both should be translated into English: “She’s singing.”
The first sentence using 「が」 is used when you discover that she’s singing and want to tell someone about it.
「歌声が聞こえるでしょう?彼女が歌っているんだ。」
(うたごえがきこえるでしょう?かのじょがうたっているんだ。)
“You hear someone singing, don’t you? She’s singing.”
Otherwise, your friend hears someone singing and asks you who is singing.
「誰かが歌っているみたい。誰が歌っているの?」
(だれかが うたって いる みたい。だれが うたって いる の?)
「彼女が歌っているよ。」
(かのじょが うたって いる よ。)
“I hear someone singing. Who is it?”
“She’s singing.”
Some say 「が」 works as emphasis but it does not actually.
How about 「彼女(かのじょ)は歌って(うたって)いる。」?
In this sentence, ‘she’ is already in question. Someone asks you what she is doing. Then you answer that she’s singing.
「彼女は何をしているの?」(かのじょは なにを して いるの?)
「彼女は歌っているよ。」(かのじょは うたって いる よ。)
「が」 is to be continued—please let me discuss other important uses of 「が」 on other occasions.
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